Nutrition

Nutrition during cancer treatment is particularly important, especially to help manage common side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, loss of appetite, difficulties with chewing or swallowing, and inflammation of the mucous membranes.

What are the recommended behaviors during cancer treatment?

It is important to avoid harmful substances such as smoking, reduce stress when possible, and follow a balanced diet throughout treatment.

The Mediterranean diet is a suitable nutritional model that can be used as a reference.

Always follow your doctor’s advice carefully and report any symptoms or discomfort experienced during treatment. 

Dietary recommendations during cancer treatment

In the absence of specific symptoms, a varied diet is recommended, with small and frequent meals, foods and drinks at room temperature, and slow chewing to aid digestion. Drink at least two liters of water per day to support kidney function and help eliminate medications.

Loss of appetite 
A reduced appetite is common during treatment. In these cases, it is better to have small, frequent meals throughout the day. A light snack (e.g., Parmesan cheese flakes or nuts) may help stimulate appetite. Varying foods and trying new flavors, or enhancing meals with herbs, can also help. Keep small snacks within reach and take advantage of times of the day when you feel better to eat.

Nausea and vomiting 
Prefer dry foods and consume liquids in small amounts, away from main meals. Avoid overly sweet foods or those with strong odors. Choose easily digestible foods and avoid very hot meals.

Oral mucositis (inflammation of the mouth) 
In this case, choose liquid or semi-liquid foods at room temperature. Avoid salt, spices (especially spicy ones), carbonated drinks, and acidic or irritating foods (such as vinegar or citrus fruits). Cut solid foods into small pieces and avoid foods that stick to the palate. Maintain excellent oral hygiene using a soft-bristled toothbrush and alcohol-free mouthwashes, as recommended by your healthcare team.

Intestinal issues
Digestive changes are also common.

• In case of diarrhea: choose simple, light foods, preferably rich in minerals (such as bananas, citrus fruits, potatoes, and nuts). Avoid large meals, high-fiber foods (whole grains, fresh fruit, vegetable soups, raw vegetables, legumes), and foods that increase gas production (fruit juices, legumes, cabbage, broccoli). Limit dairy products.
• In case of constipation: prefer foods rich in fiber (fruit and vegetables), whole-grain carbohydrates, and maintain adequate hydration. Regular light physical activity, such as daily walking, is also recommended.

Follow your hematologist’s recommendations regarding any foods or beverages to avoid during treatment.

Common myths to debunk

• “During cancer treatment, it is necessary to eat a lot of high-calorie foods to strengthen the body”
• “High-protein diets are recommended for cancer patients because they provide energy and increase strength”
• “An alkaline diet has strong antioxidant and anti-cancer effects and can prevent or cure cancer”